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  • 尼采的积极健忘一例: 现在除了少数历史学家,多数美国人都忘了麦克阿瑟和艾森豪威尔1932的华盛顿惨案
  •  2008-05-20 16:29:39   作者:snzg   来源:   点击:0   评论:0
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  • 尼采的积极健忘一例: 现在除了少数历史学家,多数美国人都忘了麦克阿瑟和艾森豪威尔1932的华盛顿惨案---当时20000万一次大战老兵和他们的家属在华盛顿国会附近搭帐篷住了1个多月,要求把原定1945年兑现的Bonus马上发给他们(因1930大萧条). 麦克阿瑟和艾森豪威尔在胡佛总统同意下出动坦克驱散2万老兵和家属, 艾森豪威尔有些犹豫,但麦克阿瑟说背后有共产党,坚决主张开枪,结果造成惨案

    Soldier Against Soldier: The Story of the Bonus Army

    Listen Now: [14 min 18 sec]

    Real Media|Windows MediaExplain these links

    Watch Vintage Newsreel Coverage of the Bonus Marchers

     

    Bonus marchers fight with D.C. police

    Bonus marchers fight with D.C. police at a camp on Pennsylvania Avenue. General Douglas MacArthur Foundation

     

     

     

    MacArthur and Eisenhower

    Douglas MacArthur led federal troops who burned the Bonus Army's camps. To his left, hand to face, is Dwight D. Eisenhower. General Douglas MacArthur Foundation

     

     

    Weekend Edition Sunday, February 13, 2005 · Soldiers who served in World War I were paid $1 a day, plus a 25-cent stipend for every day spent overseas. In 1924, Congress passed a law calling for every veteran of The Great War to receive an additional dollar for every day served. But the payment was not due for 20 years.

    With the advent of the Great Depression, frustration over the delayed bonus turned to anger. A new bill was introduced in Congress to pay the bonus immediately. And thousands of veterans gathered in the nation's capital to demand their money.

    Author Paul Dickson says the violence that followed has often been overlooked, and the impact on the 1932 presidential election underestimated. He is the co-author of a new book entitled The Bonus Army: An American Epic.

    Dickson believes that what happened to the Bonus Army made politicians think long and hard when WWII veterans began to return. The result was the GI Bill, which Dickson credits with propelling millions into the middle class and changing the very fabric of the United States.

    Revisiting the scene of the soldiers' camp on the Anacostia River, Dickson recounts the tale for Sheilah Kast.

    The Bonus Army March

    Bonus Army Camp

    Bonus Army Camp
    Theodor Horydczak (ca. 1870-1971)
    Veterans Bonus March, Washington, July 1932
    Gelatin silver photographs (58F.2a,b)
    Prints & Photographs Division
    Gift of Norma and
    Francis Reeves, 1973
    Digital ID#s ppmsca-05576, ppmsca-05577

    The Bonus Army, some 15,000 to 20,000 World War I veterans from across the country, marched on the Capitol in June 1932 to request early payment of cash bonuses due to them in 1945. The Great Depression had destroyed the economy, leaving many veterans jobless.

    Veteran Army Signal Corps photographer Theodor Horydczak, of Washington, D.C., photographed their camp site on the Mall. Six futile weeks of lobbying Congress raised government fears of riots, and on July 28, cavalry, infantry, tank troops and a mounted machine gun squadron commanded by General Douglas MacArthur and Major Dwight Eisenhower dispersed veterans and their families with bayonets and tear gas. Public opinion denounced President Herbert Hoover for the resulting bloodshed and helped force him from office.

     

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